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Phase 1: Immediate Postoperative Phase (Weeks 0-2)
Goals:
Protect the surgical site and promote healing.
Manage pain and swelling.
Restore full knee extension.
Initiate early range of motion.
Interventions:
Educate the patient on postoperative precautions and weight-bearing status.
Utilize cryotherapy and compression to manage pain and swelling.
Encourage active quadriceps muscle contractions and ankle pumps.
Initiate gentle active and passive knee range of motion exercises, focusing on achieving full knee extension.
Provide appropriate pain management strategies.
Phase 2: Early Rehabilitation Phase (Weeks 2-6)
Goals:
Improve range of motion.
Restore quadriceps and hamstring strength.
Enhance patellar stability and neuromuscular control.
Gradually progress weight-bearing activities.
Interventions:
Continue cryotherapy and compression as needed.
Progress knee range of motion exercises, focusing on flexion and extension.
Implement closed kinetic chain exercises, such as squats and lunges, to strengthen quadriceps and hamstrings.
Incorporate patellar stabilization exercises, including VMO strengthening and perturbation exercises.
Integrate proprioceptive and balance training exercises, utilizing unstable surfaces and single-leg activities.
Begin low-impact cardiovascular exercises, such as stationary cycling or swimming.
Phase 3: Intermediate Rehabilitation Phase (Weeks 6-12)
Goals:
Improve muscle strength and endurance.
Enhance joint stability and proprioception.
Increase functional activities and sports-specific movements.
Interventions:
Progress quadriceps and hamstring strengthening exercises, adding resistance and variations.
Advance balance and proprioception exercises, challenging stability in different positions.
Integrate sport-specific drills and activities, focusing on agility, cutting, and pivoting.
Implement plyometric exercises, gradually increasing intensity and impact.
Initiate running progression, starting with straight-line jogging and gradually introducing changes in direction.
Incorporate functional training exercises to simulate sport-specific movements.
Phase 4: Advanced Rehabilitation Phase (Weeks 12-24)
Goals:
Achieve full functional recovery.
Restore optimal strength, endurance, and agility.
Prepare for safe return to sports.
Interventions:
Continue sport-specific training, focusing on increasing intensity and complexity.
Emphasize dynamic movements and drills specific to the patient's sport.
Incorporate high-intensity interval training to improve cardiovascular fitness.
Implement sport-specific performance testing and clearance criteria.
Gradually reintroduce competitive play under medical and coaching supervision.
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